对接区域医药产业的高职院校药学专业实践教学体系创新研究

按照学生认知规律和职业岗位技能要求,依据区域药品生产、药品流通、药学服务三领域职业岗位职业能力、职业素养和职业态度,有效融入国家和医药行业职业技能鉴定标准,遵循职业技能形成的内在规律,构建基于工作过程“宽基础、活模块”的实践教学体系。     

高职护生实习满意度调查及其对离职意愿的影响分析简

目的：了解高职护生临床实习的满意度及其对离职意愿的影响。方法：采用自行设计的满意度调查问卷的形式,对某校2010级实习护生进行调研,包括自身方面、带教老师、工作环境、工作管理4个维度18个项目。结果：护生对于带教老师方面满意度最高,对工作环境满意度得分较低。而临床工作压力大,工作劳累,以及医院感染对自身可能的威胁成为影响护生产生离职想法的最主要因素。结论：对护生进行人性化管理,提高带教老师的教学能力,对护生进行实习前针对性培训是提高临床护理教学质量、提升实习护生满意度的有效途径。     

RCT of a promising vocational/employment program for high-risk juvenile offenders

Juvenile offenders with substance use problems are at high risk for deleterious long-term outcomes. This study evaluated the capacity of a promising vocational and employment training program in the building sector (i.e., Community Restitution Apprenticeship-Focused Training, CRAFT) to mitigate such outcomes through enhanced employment and education. Participants were 97 high-risk juvenile offenders (mean age = 15.8 years) randomized to CRAFT versus education as usual (EAU) intervention conditions. Multi-method procedures measured employment, education, substance use, mental health, and criminal outcomes through a 30-month post-baseline follow-up. CRAFT was significantly more effective than EAU at increasing rates of youth employment and GED attendance. Intervention effects were not observed, however, for months employed, hours worked, or hourly wage. Measures of youth substance use, mental health symptoms, and criminal activity showed no favorable or iatrogenic effects. The potential of CRAFT was modestly supported, and suggestions were made for future research.     

大学生错[牙合]畸形患病情况调查

目的调查大学生错[牙合]畸形的患病情况。方法以个别正常[牙合]和安氏分类法为标准,对1 428名高职大学生进行口腔检查,了解错[牙合]畸形的患病情况。结果大学生错[牙合]畸形患病率为35.71%,男生为39.08%,女生为33.77%,二者差异无统计学意义;错[牙合]畸形患者中以I类最多见;错[牙合]畸形以牙列拥挤、个别牙错位、深覆[牙合]最常见,患病率分别为38.63%,20.20%,13.53%。结论高职大学生错[牙合]畸形发病率较高,应早期加以防治。     

Continuity of care in patients with type 2 diabetes in Croatian primary care setting during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational study

AimTo examine the differences in the continuity of health care for type 2 diabetic patients before and during COVID pandemic in family medicine depending on whether the physician who provided care finished vocational training in family medicine or not.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal research lasted from 2018 to 2020 in eight family medicine practices on 648 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed before 2018, and without Sars-Cov2 infection in previous medical history in Zagreb, Croatia. Follow-up parameters (HbA1c, LDL, eGFR, blood pressure, BMI, eye fundus and neurological findings, number of check-ups and vaccination against the flu) were noted before (2018, 2019), and in the COVID period (2020) in the care of family medicine specialists (FMPs) and without it (FMPws).ResultsNo differences were found between the gender and age of patients. A decrease was seen in existing laboratory findings (64–47%, P < 0.001), eye fundus check-ups (39–37%, P = NS), neurologist check-ups (28–25%, P = NS) and FMP check-ups (382–321, P < 0.001) during the COVID period with significant differences between FMPs and FMPws. Significant changes were seen in LDL cholesterol (2.7–2.4 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and eGFR (83–80 ml/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.002), but BMI, blood pressure and HbA1c (>7% had 42% of patients) values did not differ during the COVID period.ConclusionAccording to the observed parameters, the continuity of care for diabetic patients in Zagreb has worsened during the COVID pandemic but remained significantly better in care of FMPs than in FMPws, without differences in achieving target values of follow-up parameters.     

Dentists reflect on their problem‐based education and professional satisfaction

Aim: To determine the way in which Malmö University dental graduates perceive their problem‐based dental education and evaluate their professional satisfaction. Method: The first five cohorts (graduating in years 1995–1999) of the problem‐based curriculum were invited to participate. Of 166 graduates, 77% responded to a questionnaire comprising 20 questions on aspects of their dental education, professional situations and interest in postgraduate education. They were asked to rank their perception of their dental education and satisfaction with their professional situation on a visual analogue scale (VAS) with endpoints ranging from ‘Not at all’ (1) to ‘Very well’ (10). For other statements, the markings were made on a Likert scale from 1 (not important/not satisfied) to 5 (very important/very satisfied). There were also open‐ended questions. Results: Most respondents perceived their education to prepare them well for a career in dentistry (median score VAS 8), and 90% rated above six on a VAS for their professional satisfaction as dentists. Importance and satisfaction were highly correlated with principles of the curriculum: holistic view, oral health, lifelong learning, integration between theory and clinic, and clinical competence. Forty‐five per cent of the graduates noted the problem‐based learning approach as the most valuable asset of their education, and 19% cited training in oral surgery as a deficit. Of the respondents, 77% expressed interest in specialist training and 55% in research education. Conclusion: Problem‐based education was perceived to prepare graduates well for their profession, and their professional satisfaction was high.     

The United States Physician Workforce and International Medical Graduates: Trends and Characteristics

Background International medical graduates (IMGs) have been a valuable resource for the United States physician workforce, and their contribution to the United States workforce is likely to increase. Objective To describe the historical trends and compare the characteristics of IMGs to United States medical graduates (USMGs) in the United States. Design Longitudinal analysis of the American Medical Association Physicians’ Professional Data (AMA-PPD) database using the 1978–2004 files and a comparative analysis of the characteristics of a random sample of 1,000 IMGs and a random sample of 1,000 USMGs using the 2004 file. Measurements Historical trends and characteristics of IMGs in the United States. Results Over the last 26 years, the number of IMGs in the United States grew by 4,873 per year reaching a total of 215,576 in 2004, about 2.4 times its size in 1978. The proportion of IMGs increased 0.12% per year, from 22.2% in 1978 to 25.6% in 2004. In 2004, compared with USMGs, IMGs were older, less likely to be board certified [Odds ratio (OR), 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.86], less likely to work in group practice (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.98), more likely to have Internal Medicine as practice specialty (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.62 to 2.71) and more likely to be residents (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.16). Conclusions Over the last quarter century, the IMGs provided a significant and steady supply for the United States physician workforce that continues to grow. Policymakers should consider the consequences for both the United States and source countries.     

导生制在护理职业教育中的应用研究

目的 研究导生制在<护理学基础>课程教学中的应用效果.方法 在学生中招选"导生"并给予培训、指导和管理,由导生辅导低年级学生的学习,在实施过程中收集并处理资料进行统计学评价.结果 导生制的应用可以减轻教师的压力和避免学生初入护理之门的挫败感;可以帮助导生提高学习成绩和综合素质及能力;可以普遍提高学生的动手能力和学习能力...     

新毕业护士在角色转变中的压力分析

目的探讨新毕业护士在角色转变中的压力,并分析其相关因素。方法方便抽样82名应届毕业生,采用新毕业护士角色模糊及角色超负荷量表及职业压力量表进行问卷调查。结果新毕业护士职业模糊分值是（2．62±0．70）分,角色超负荷分值是（2．51±0．83）分,职业压力分值是（2．63±0．76）分,显示新毕业护士角色超负荷、角色模糊、职业压力水平在中度偏下;新毕业护士所在科室是否是其志愿科室对角色模糊、角色超负荷和职业压力无影响（P〉0．05）;新毕业护士所在科室对其角色模糊情况有影响（P〈0．05）,门急诊、手术室、ICU及专科护士的角色模糊分值高于内外科、妇产科及儿科护士;研究对象多选择偏向正面的减压对策。结论新毕业护士因角色转变而产生一定的压力,建议在管理上建立全面的人职引导计划,良好的临床督导和带教系统,以及有效的工作压力监察和应激技巧的教育。     

高职护理学生学习策略的研究

目的 编制高职护理学生学习策略量表,探讨其特点.方法 在分析总结现有的学习策略涵义和结构研究的基础上,从实践运用的角度,结合理论探讨,尝试建构了高职护理学生学习策略的结构模型.结果 高职护理学生学习策略结构包括认知策略、元认知策略、情感调控策略、资源管理策略、实践操作策略等维度.结论 该问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可作为测量高职护理学生学习策略的适宜工具;差生的学习策略明显低于优秀生;高职护理学生学习策略没有显著的年级差异.

Abstract：

Objective To draw up the learning strategy scale for vocational nursing students and discuss its characteristics. Methods Structure model of learning strategies was constructed by summarizing and analyzing current learning connotation and structure research, through the view of application combining with theory. Results The results showed that the learning strategy of the vocational nursing students included five factors: cognitive strategy, meta-cognitive strategy, emotions regulation strategy, resource management strategy and practical operation strategy. Conclusions The strategy scale is very reliable and valid and can be used to measure these learning strategies. Results also indicates that excellent students show much more profitable strategies than students of lower levels, no difference is found in different grades.